quarta-feira, 30 de setembro de 2009
segunda-feira, 28 de setembro de 2009
Seja a Mudança Que Você Quer Ver no Mundo

Tenho lido muitos livros que fazem parte da sessão "Writers on Food" na livraria. Comecei com os livros da Ruth Reichl, editora-chefe da Revista Gourmet, que durante dez anos foi a crítica de restaurantes do The New York Times. Os livros são uma delícia, escritos como uma autobiografia que tem a gastronomia como fio condutor, são fascinantes, dos três livros o primeiro Tender at the Bone foi o que se destacou para mim, ele conta as histórias da infância, como os gostos ajudam a formar a lembraça afetiva das pessoas que serão importantes para nós no futuro.
Essa matéria que saiu na Times é bem interessante para quem quer saber mais sobre sustentabilidade na alimentação, ela pode servir de trampolim para o livro do Michel Pollan In Defense of Food que trata desse assunto. Está na minha lista de espera para ser lido, para fechar o assunto, pelo menos em termos de bibliografia, o The End of Food que trata dos problemas da indústria da alimentação.
Repensado os hábitos alimentares cada um de nós pode ser a mudança que o mundo precisa, ficam as dicas de leitura.
sexta-feira, 25 de setembro de 2009
Salgadinho
Cake à la mode de Capri
200 g de farine
80 g d’huile d’olive
15 g de levure chimique
3 oeufs bio ou de plein air
120 g de crème fleurette (à température ambiante)
40 g de parmigiano fraîchement râpé
50 g de mozzarella de bufflonne
4 tomates semi-confites
4 feuilles de basilic frais
poivre noir du moulin
Préchauffez le four sur th. 6-7/200°. Détaillez la mozzarella et les tomates en lanières. Dans un saladier, mélangez la farine et la levure, salez et poivrez. Dans un autre saladier, fouettez les oeufs avec la crème fleurette et l’huile d’olive et incorporez ce mélange à la farine : fouettez pendant 5 mn. Ajoutez le parmesan et le basilic lavé, séché et finement ciselé. Fouettez encore pendant 5 mn. Versez la moitié de la pâte dans un moule à cake beurré (non beurré s’il est en silicone), déposez dessus la mozzarella et les lanières de tomates. Couvrez avec le restant de pâte. Baissez la température du four à th. 6/180° et enfournez le cake. Faites cuire pendant 45 mn. Vérifiez la fin de la cuisson en piquant le cake avec la pointe d’un couteau : elle doit ressortir sèche, sinon poursuivez la cuisson encore 5 mn. Laissez tiédir le cake avant de le démouler.
sábado, 19 de setembro de 2009
O Banquete
Ontem um jantar encerrou em grande estilo as comemorações do meu aniversário. No ano passado, juntei quase todos os meus amigos mais queridos para fazer uma comemoração dupla já que duas semanas depois eu peguei as minhas malas e me debandei para as terrras do norte, assim ele ficou mais com cara de comemoração do que de despedida e claro, devido ao problema sério que a minha família tem em relação as quantidades, seguindo a lógica que é sempre melhor sobrar do faltar, o jantar foi farto(e continuou sendo o nosso almoço/jantar durante uma semana). No ano passado apostei na minha idéia de que comida árabe agrada a quase todos e fiz os clássicos, quibe assado do Arábia, Tabule, Salada Fatouche, Hommus, Coalhada Seca, Malabie e o jantar foi um sucesso.
Esse ano meu ponto de partida veio de uma perigrinação, numas das(poucas) noites de verão, eu e a vizinha saímos para tomar uma sangria e colocar o tricot da semana em dia, a gente tricotou, mas foi no caminho entre um bar e outros porque nenhum servia sangria, depois de passarmos por 3 nos conformamos que a noite iria acabar sem Sangria e nos contentamos com um Mojito. Eu, ainda num momento "como assim um bar que se acha bar não tem Sangria", resolvi que eu iria aprender a fazer a minha Sangria para não ficar mais na vontade, achei que o meu jantar de aniversário era a oportunidade perfeita, pesquisei aqui e ali, juntei um pouquinho de uma receita, um tantinho da outra e fiz a minha sangria seguinda a base da receita da Martha Stewart, adicionei o gim da receita do livro da Rita Lobo, a canela, o anis, o abacaxi e a maçã de uma receita de um livro que achei na biblioteca. Como estava com um pé na Espanha, resolvi aproveitar a inspiração e fazer tapas para entrada e uma paella de frango, para Paella eu adicionei meia xícara de conhaque no caldo de frango onde eu dissolvi o açafrão. A paella foi feita a três mãos e sem o casal de vizinhos mais bacana que alguém pode ter provavelmente a segunda parte do jantar não teria sido servida. A minha maior surpresa foram as amêndas assadas com páprika defumada, a receita é da coluna da Clotilde Dussoulier na Elle à la Table. São irresistíveis, não dá para parar de comer, um vício.
POIVRONS À LA CATALANE
Préchauffer le four à 250ºC. Badigeonner légèrement d’huile la peau de 4 gros poivrons rouges. Les placer sur une grillé et enfourner pendant 10 à 12 minutes jusqu’à ce que la peau brunisse et se boursoufle. Les sortir et laisser tiédir avant les peler. Les coupez en deux retirer le pédoncule, les graines et les cloisons blanches. Émincer chaque moitié en lanières longitudinales de 1 à 2 cm de large. Assaisonner de sel fin, de poivre du moulin et d’un pincée de piment doux avant de les disposer dans un plat. Peler 4 gousses d’ail, les émincer très finement et les répartir sur les poivrons. Couvrir le tout avec 20 cl. d’huile d’olive et 1 c. à soupe de vinaigre de xérès. Couvrir et laissez mariner au moins 2h. au froid.
Amande Grillées au Paprika Fumé
250 g d’amandes entières
1 c. à soupe d’huile d’olive
1/2 c. à café de pimentón de la Vera, doux ou piquant
1/2 c. à café de sel
Préchauffez le four th. 6-7/200°.
Etalez les amandes sur une plaque avec rebords et enfournez 6 à 8 mn, jusqu’à ce que les amandes libèrent leur parfum, en remuant à mi-parcours.
Versez dans un saladier, ajoutez l’huile, le pimentón et le sel, et mélangez bien.
Servez tiède ou à température ambiante.
SANGRIA - do site da Tia Martha
What Is It? This Spanish drink is basically a blend of wine, fruit, seltzer, and sometimes brandy. There are countless variations; some include fruit-flavored liqueurs; others call for fruit juices. Sangrias are most often made with red wine, but those that are made with white or sparkling wines are very good, too.
Which Wine? Although sangria was originally made with Rioja wine, you can use just about any dry red wine. Other good choices include Beaujolais, Pinot Noir, and Sangiovese. Helpful Hints Chill the bottle of wine thoroughly before using; this will help keep the ice from melting too quickly in the glass and diluting the taste. To allow the flavors to blend, make the punch up to a day ahead of time (and refrigerate), adding seltzer just before serving.
4 oranges: 2 juiced, 2 halved lengthwise and thinly sliced crosswise
1/3 to 1/2 cup sugar
1/4 cup brandy
1 bottle dry red wine, chilled
2 lemons, thinly sliced
2 cups seltzer or club soda Chilled
ice cubes, for serving
In a large pitcher, combine orange juice, sugar, and brandy; stir well to dissolve sugar. Add wine, orange slices, lemon slices, and seltzer; stir to combine. Fill glasses with ice before serving. Serves 8.
SANGRIA – do livro Cozinha de Estar da Rita Lobo
750 ml de vinho tinto600 ml de soda limonada
½ xíc. de chá de suco de laranja
2 colheres de sopa de açúcar
50 ml de conhaque
50 ml de gim
4 xíc. de chá de frutas cortadas em cubos
Leve o vinho tinto e a soda para a geladeira e deixe gelar bem. Corte as frutas em cubos e divida entres duas jarras. Divida também os outros ingredientes entre as duas jarras. Acrescente gelo na hora de servir.
Chicken Paella
1/2 pint of oil
1 chicken, cut to 8 pieces
2 bowls of rice (1lb. 5 oz. approximately)
5 bowls of meat broth
1 green pepper
1 red pepper
1 small can of peas
1 small onion
2 tomatoes
Saffron
1 clove of garlic (optional)
Parsley
Salt
Start by heating half of the oil and once warm add the cut chicken and let it cook for 15 min. Once it's brown, reserve it in a dish. Add the chopped onion. After 5 minutes, add diced tomatoes, without seeds and peeled. Let it braise about 5 minutes more, mashing the tomatoes with a skimmer. Strain it and throw it in the paella pan. Add the rest of the oil to the paella pan. Throw the green pepper, cut to square pieces of half inch. Add the fried chicken. Keep stirring with a wooden tablespoon, without letting it go brown. Throw salt, and the meat broth, hot but not boiling. This is completed with the 5 broth bowls. Shake the paella pan a little taking it by the handles so that it is broth flows all over. All this should be made to medium fire. Meanwhile, in a mortar mash a little bit of garlic (optional), the parsley and the saffron, with a little bit of salt so that it doesn't slip, and it wet it with a couple of soup spoonfuls of temperate water. Spill this mixture on the rice and shake again the paella pan. When the broth has reduced to the half decorate the paella with the red pepper cut to ribbons, and the peas. Let it cook about 20 minutes. Once the rice is cooked and the broth has reduced, retire the paella pan from the fire, on a wet cloth, leaving it rest for about 5 minutes. Serve it with some big clusters of lemon without peeling like decoration.
terça-feira, 15 de setembro de 2009
22
Achei tão engraçada a reação das pessoas quando falava que iria fazer o meu bolo de aniversário, um consenso, "Nossa mas que triste, você vai fazer o seu próprio bolo de aniversário", fiquei inconformada, triste porque se eu posso fazer um bolo muito mais gostoso que qualquer bolo que em compre por aí, sem contar que eu faço bolos, brigadeiros e afins para todos os meus amigos e não vou fazer para mim? Que lógica mais estranha essa, fiz meu bolo sim, com muito carinho para celebrar com as pessoas queridas o ano que vai começar.

Gâteau au Chocolat et à la Noix de Coco - Bolo Prestígio
100g de cacao non sucré en poudre
200g de beurre en pommade
250g de sucre semoule
250g de farine
4 oeufs
20 cl de lait
5g de levure chimique
1 pincée de sel
pour la farce
100g de noix de coco râpée
1 boîte de lait concentré
25 cl de lait
pour le glaçage
100g de noix de coco râpée
50g de cacao non sucré en poudre
100g de sucre semoule
50g de beurre
20 cl de lait
1. Préchauffez le four à 180ºC.
2. Dans une jatte, battez le beurre avec le sucre. Ajoutez ensuite les jaunes d'oeufs un par un, en réservant les blancs au fur et à mesure dans une autre jatte. Portez le lait à ébullition et versez-le. Ajoutez peu à peu la farine mélangée à la levure et le cacao. Mettez la pincée de sel dans les blancs d'oeufs, puis battez-les en neige ferme. Incorporez-les délicatement au reste de la préparation.
3. Beurrez un moule à manqué d'environ 25 centimètres de diamètre et versez-y la pâte. Laissez cuire pendant environ 40 minutes.
4. Laissez refroidir avant de démouler.
5. Dans une casserole, mélangez tous les ingrédientsde la farce. Laissez-les épaissir à feu doux pendant 5 minutes, en mélangeant régulièrement.
6. Coupez le gâteu en deux dans le sens de l'épaisseur et tartinez la partie inférieure avec la farce. Recouvrez avec la partie enférieure et posez sur un plat à gâteau.
7. Préparez le glaçage. Mettez le lait, le beurre en petits morceaux, le sucre et le cacao dans une casserole. Laissez réduire à feu doux pendant 5 minutes. Étalez ce glaçage chaud sur le gâteau et saupoudrez ensuite de noix de coco râpée.
sábado, 5 de setembro de 2009
Caseirinhos
"To market, to market, to buy a fat pig,
Home again, home again, dancing a jig;
To market, to market, to buy a fat hog;
Home again, home again, jiggety-jog;
To market, to market, to buy a plum bun,
Home again, home again, market is done."
Acho que não preciso falar aqui que o Jean-Talon é O lugar que eu mais gosto em Montréal, disparado de todos os outros, durante o verão o mercado fica ainda melhor, com mais bancas, simplesmente uma perdição, tenho que me controlar muito quando passeio por lá para não comprar muito mais do que eu posso ou consigo comer. Melhorei bastante, hoje sigo a minha lista a risca e só compro o que vou cozinhar, de vez em quando ainda peco nas quantidades.
Semana passada fui na biblioteca para uma pesquisa sobre gastronomia que eu estou fazendo, na sessão de livros sobre culinária brasileira encontrei muito por um acaso o livro Brésil, la cuisine de ma mère, da mineira radicada na França Viviane Tronel, o livro é fantástico e fala da culinária brasileira do cotidiano, coisas que a gente acha que não tem nem receita, que estão na mesa quase todos os dias, me emocionei com o livro, copiei um punhado de receitas, que estão na fila de espera para serem feitas. A primeira da lista era a de pão de queijo e a blogesfera conspirou ao meu favor, os Lapins publicaram uma postagem sobre onde encontrar a farinha de tapioca usada na massa e a dona do La Cucinetta publicou a receita de requeijão caseiro(3 em cada 5 brasileiros aqui reclamam e sofreeeem que aqui não tem requeijão), eu pessoalmente não sinto falta mesmo, mas a possibilidade de comer um pão de queijo recém saído do forno, quentinho com requeijão era muito tentadora. Comprei todos os ingredientes e lá fui eu para cozinha, fiquei impressionada com as receitas, as duas saíram na medida, perfeitas. O requeijão fica mais para próximo ao catupiry do que ao requeijão de potinho, mas fica com sabor de fazenda. Para o pão de queijo a minha única resalva é o sal, achei muito salgado, para o meu paladar acho que tenho que usar metade da quantidade indicada. Assei meia receita, a outra metade congelei(tenho certeza que não ficará congelada por muito tempo).

Petits Soufles au Fromage (Pão de Queijo)
400g de farine de tapioca
20 cl de lait
15 cl d'huile de tournesol
2 oeufs
150g de gruyère râpé
1 c. à soupe rase de sel
Préchauffez votre four à 180ºC. Versez la farine de tapioca dans un saladier et mélange-la avec le sel. Dans une casserole portez à éboullition le lait et l'huile. Versez-les brûlants sur la farine de tapioca et mélangez bien avec une cullière en bois. Attendez 3 à 4 minutes pour que la pâte refroidisse un peu et mettez les oeufs un à un en mélangeant avec les doigts. Pétrissez la pâte à la main environ 5 minutes. Ajoutez le fromage râpé et mélangez-le bien au reste de la pâte. Huilez vous main roulez des boulettes de 4 cm environ avec la pâte. Posez-les dans un moule en les espaçant bien. Faites-les cuire au four environ 30 minutes jusqu'à ce qu'elles soient bien gonflées et dorées. Servez chaud.
Requeijão
- Ferver 1 ou 2 litros de leite integral (normalmente os de saquinho
da padaria dão melhor resultado).
- Depois que ferver, colocar 4 colheres de sopa de vinagre no leite
e mexer bem. O leite vai talhar e separar o soro.
- Coar o soro com uma peneira. colocar a "massa" (parece ricota) no
liquidificador com um pouco de manteiga (as vezes uso só azeite.
dependo do humor...), sal e, se quiser, algum outro tempero como
queijo ralado, azeitona, ...
- Bater e guardar em uma vasilha bem fechada.
quarta-feira, 2 de setembro de 2009
Doce de Leite
Essa semana chegou na livraria o livro da Pim Techamuanvivit do blog Chez Pim que entra no hall dos livros escritos por autores de blog, ela se junta à Clotilde Dusoulier do Chocolate&Zucchini, Molly Wizenberg do Orangette, David Leibovitz e Shauna James Ahern do Gluten-Free Girl. Eu já dei uma espiada em todos os livros e acho que eles sempre deixam a desejar em relação aos respectivos blogs. O livro da Pim foi uma surpresa boa, a edição é primorosa e feita com muito capricho, fotos lindas, textos bem escritos, um toque diferente na maneira de escrever receitas que eu achei bem interessante. O livro foi escrito como um manual para pessoas que querem ser gourmets. Nada de errado nisso, porque gosto é uma coisa que se aprimora com o tempo, é preciso experimentar, descobrir e acima de tudo gostar desse processo, mas eu não acredito que um jantar no El Bulli ou em um restaurante 3 estrelas em Paris vá tornar alguém mais ou menos foodie(no livro tem um guia de como conseguir uma mesa no El Buli que eu achei totalmente desnecessário, acho que alguém que pode pagar por um jantar no restaurante não precisa de conselhos de um livro para quem quer ser gourmet). Nesse ponto achei o livro um pouco esnobe, me incomodou também o fato de todos os amigos da autora serem citados pelo nome e sobrenome e seus networking, informação muitas vezes relevante que não acrescenta em nada no assunto em questão.
Mas o que tinha no livro?? A receita de doce de leite que eu estava procurando! Numca pensei em cozinhar o leite condensado no forno. Pronto agora posso voltar a fazer o famoso-disputado-a-tapas-nunca-sobra nem-para-contar-história Rocambole de Doce de Leite. A receita é do livro da Carla Pernambuco e está aqui.
DULCHE DE LECHE
400g can of condensed milk
1 vanilla pod
Preheat the oven 220ºC. On a pyrex put the condensed milk. Mix in the vanilla seed and pods. Cover with aluminun foil. Place in a baking pan and add water half way through, bake for an hour. Remove from the oven, whisk until smooth. Let it cool room temperature.
segunda-feira, 31 de agosto de 2009
Escolhas
Getting Real About the High Price of Cheap Food
by Bryan Walsh [Time Magazine - Friday, Aug. 21, 2009]
Somewhere in Iowa, a pig is being raised in a confined pen, packed in so tightly with other swine that their curly tails have been chopped off so they won't bite one another. To prevent him from getting sick in such close quarters, he is dosed with antibiotics. The waste produced by the pig and his thousands of pen mates on the factory farm where they live goes into manure lagoons that blanket neighboring communities with air pollution and a stomach-churning stench. He's fed on American corn that was grown with the help of government subsidies and millions of tons of chemical fertilizer. When the pig is slaughtered, at about 5 months of age, he'll become sausage or bacon that will sell cheap, feeding an American addiction to meat that has contributed to an obesity epidemic currently afflicting more than two-thirds of the population. And when the rains come, the excess fertilizer that coaxed so much corn from the ground will be washed into the Mississippi River and down into the Gulf of Mexico, where it will help kill fish for miles and miles around. That's the state of your bacon — circa 2009.
Horror stories about the food industry have long been with us — ever since 1906, when Upton Sinclair's landmark novel The Jungle told some ugly truths about how America produces its meat. In the century that followed, things got much better, and in some ways much worse. The U.S. agricultural industry can now produce unlimited quantities of meat and grains at remarkably cheap prices. But it does so at a high cost to the environment, animals and humans. Those hidden prices are the creeping erosion of our fertile farmland, cages for egg-laying chickens so packed that the birds can't even raise their wings and the scary rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among farm animals. Add to the price tag the acceleration of global warming — our energy-intensive food system uses 19% of U.S. fossil fuels, more than any other sector of the economy.
And perhaps worst of all, our food is increasingly bad for us, even dangerous. A series of recalls involving contaminated foods this year — including an outbreak of salmonella from tainted peanuts that killed at least eight people and sickened 600 — has consumers rightly worried about the safety of their meals. A food system — from seed to 7‑Eleven — that generates cheap, filling food at the literal expense of healthier produce is also a principal cause of America's obesity epidemic. At a time when the nation is close to a civil war over health-care reform, obesity adds $147 billion a year to our doctor bills. "The way we farm now is destructive of the soil, the environment and us," says Doug Gurian-Sherman, a senior scientist with the food and environment program at the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS).
Some Americans are heeding such warnings and working to transform the way the country eats — ranchers and farmers who are raising sustainable food in ways that don't bankrupt the earth. Documentaries like the scathing Food Inc. and the work of investigative journalists like Eric Schlosser and Michael Pollan are reprising Sinclair's work, awakening a sleeping public to the uncomfortable realities of how we eat. Change is also coming from the very top. First Lady Michelle Obama's White House garden has so far yielded more than 225 lb. of organic produce — and tons of powerful symbolism. But hers is still a losing battle. Despite increasing public awareness, sustainable agriculture, while the fastest-growing sector of the food industry, remains a tiny enterprise: according to the most recent data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), less than 1% of American cropland is farmed organically. Sustainable food is also pricier than conventional food and harder to find. And while large companies like General Mills have opened organic divisions, purists worry that the very definition of sustainability will be co-opted as a result.
But we don't have the luxury of philosophizing about food. With the exhaustion of the soil, the impact of global warming and the inevitably rising price of oil — which will affect everything from fertilizer to supermarket electricity bills — our industrial style of food production will end sooner or later. As the developing world grows richer, hundreds of millions of people will want to shift to the same calorie-heavy, protein-rich diet that has made Americans so unhealthy — demand for meat and poultry worldwide is set to rise 25% by 2015 — but the earth can no longer deliver. Unless Americans radically rethink the way they grow and consume food, they face a future of eroded farmland, hollowed-out countryside, scarier germs, higher health costs — and bland taste. Sustainable food has an élitist reputation, but each of us depends on the soil, animals and plants — and as every farmer knows, if you don't take care of your land, it can't take care of you.
The Downside of Cheap
For all the grumbling you do about your weekly grocery bill, the fact is you've never had it so good, at least in terms of what you pay for every calorie you eat. According to the USDA, Americans spend less than 10% of their incomes on food, down from 18% in 1966. Those savings begin with the remarkable success of one crop: corn. Corn is king on the American farm, with production passing 12 billion bu. annually, up from 4 billion bu. as recently as 1970. When we eat a cheeseburger, a Chicken McNugget, or drink soda, we're eating the corn that grows on vast, monocrop fields in Midwestern states like Iowa.
But cheap food is not free food, and corn comes with hidden costs. The crop is heavily fertilized — both with chemicals like nitrogen and with subsidies from Washington. Over the past decade, the Federal Government has poured more than $50 billion into the corn industry, keeping prices for the crop — at least until corn ethanol skewed the market — artificially low. That's why McDonald's can sell you a Big Mac, fries and a Coke for around $5 — a bargain, given that the meal contains nearly 1,200 calories, more than half the daily recommended requirement for adults. "Taxpayer subsidies basically underwrite cheap grain, and that's what the factory-farming system for meat is entirely dependent on," says Gurian-Sherman.
So what's wrong with cheap food and cheap meat — especially in a world in which more than 1 billion people go hungry? A lot. For one thing, not all food is equally inexpensive; fruits and vegetables don't receive the same price supports as grains. A study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that a dollar could buy 1,200 calories of potato chips or 875 calories of soda but just 250 calories of vegetables or 170 calories of fresh fruit. With the backing of the government, farmers are producing more calories — some 500 more per person per day since the 1970s — but too many are unhealthy calories. Given that, it's no surprise we're so fat; it simply costs too much to be thin.
Our expanding girth is just one consequence of mainstream farming. Another is chemicals. No one doubts the power of chemical fertilizer to pull more crop from a field. American farmers now produce an astounding 153 bu. of corn per acre, up from 118 as recently as 1990. But the quantity of that fertilizer is flat-out scary: more than 10 million tons for corn alone — and nearly 23 million for all crops. When runoff from the fields of the Midwest reaches the Gulf of Mexico, it contributes to what's known as a dead zone, a seasonal, approximately 6,000-sq.-mi. area that has almost no oxygen and therefore almost no sea life. Because of the dead zone, the $2.8 billion Gulf of Mexico fishing industry loses 212,000 metric tons of seafood a year, and around the world, there are nearly 400 similar dead zones. Even as we produce more high-fat, high-calorie foods, we destroy one of our leanest and healthiest sources of protein.
The food industry's degradation of animal life, of course, isn't limited to fish. Though we might still like to imagine our food being raised by Old MacDonald, chances are your burger or your sausage came from what are called concentrated-animal feeding operations (CAFOs), which are every bit as industrial as they sound. In CAFOs, large numbers of animals — 1,000 or more in the case of cattle and tens of thousands for chicken and pigs — are kept in close, concentrated conditions and fattened up for slaughter as fast as possible, contributing to efficiencies of scale and thus lower prices. But animals aren't widgets with legs. They're living creatures, and there are consequences to packing them in prison-like conditions. For instance: Where does all that manure go?
Pound for pound, a pig produces approximately four times the amount of waste a human does, and what factory farms do with that mess gets comparatively little oversight. Most hog waste is disposed of in open-air lagoons, which can overflow in heavy rain and contaminate nearby streams and rivers. "This creek that we used to wade in, that creek that our parents could drink out of, our kids can't even play in anymore," says Jayne Clampitt, a farmer in Independence, Iowa, who lives near a number of hog farms.
To stay alive and grow in such conditions, farm animals need pharmaceutical help, which can have further damaging consequences for humans. Overuse of antibiotics on farm animals leads, inevitably, to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and the same bugs that infect animals can infect us too. The UCS estimates that about 70% of antimicrobial drugs used in America are given not to people but to animals, which means we're breeding more of those deadly organisms every day. The Institute of Medicine estimated in 1998 that antibiotic resistance cost the public-health system $4 billion to $5 billion a year — a figure that's almost certainly higher now. "I don't think CAFOs would be able to function as they do now without the widespread use of antibiotics," says Robert Martin, who was the executive director of the Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production.
The livestock industry argues that estimates of antibiotics in food production are significantly overblown. Resistance "is the result of human use and not related to veterinary use," according to Kristina Butts, the manager of legislative affairs for the National Cattlemen's Beef Association. But with wonder drugs losing their effectiveness, it makes sense to preserve them for as long as we can, and that means limiting them to human use as much as possible. "These antibiotics are not given to sick animals," says Representative Louise Slaughter, who is sponsoring a bill to limit antibiotic use on farms. "It's a preventive measure because they are kept in pretty unspeakable conditions."
Such a measure would get at a symptom of the problem but not at the source. Just as the burning of fossil fuels that is causing global warming requires more than a tweaking of mileage standards, the manifold problems of our food system require a comprehensive solution. "There should be a recognition that what we are doing is unsustainable," says Martin. And yet, still we must eat. So what can we do?
Getting It Right
If a factory farm is hell for an animal, then Bill Niman's seaside ranch in Bolinas, Calif., an hour north of San Francisco, must be heaven. The property's cliffside view over the Pacific Ocean is worth millions, but the black Angus cattle that Niman and his wife Nicolette Hahn Niman raise keep their eyes on the ground, chewing contentedly on the pasture. Grass — and a trail of hay that Niman spreads from his truck periodically — is all the animals will eat during the nearly three years they'll spend on the ranch. That all-natural, noncorn diet — along with the intensive, individual care that the Nimans provide their animals — produces beef that many connoisseurs consider to be among the best in the world. But for Niman, there is more at stake than just a good steak. He believes that his way of raising farm animals — in the open air, with no chemicals or drugs and with maximum care — is the only truly sustainable method and could be a model for a better food system. "What we need in this country is a completely different way of raising animals for food," says Hahn Niman, a former attorney for the environmental group Earthjustice. "This needs to be done in the right way."
The Nimans like to call what they do "beyond organic," and there are some signs that consumers are beginning to catch up. This November, California voters approved a ballot proposition that guarantees farm animals enough space to lie down, stand up and turn around. Worldwide, organic food — a sometimes slippery term but on the whole a practice more sustainable than conventional food — is worth more than $46 billion. That's still a small slice of the overall food pie, but it's growing, even in a global recession. "There is more pent-up demand for organic than there is production," says Bill Wolf, a co-founder of the organic-food consultancy Wolf DiMatteo and Associates.
So what will it take for sustainable food production to spread? It's clear that scaling up must begin with a sort of scaling down — a distributed system of many local or regional food producers as opposed to just a few massive ones. Since 1935, consolidation and industrialization have seen the number of U.S. farms decline from 6.8 million to fewer than 2 million — with the average farmer now feeding 129 Americans, compared with 19 people in 1940.
It's that very efficiency that's led to the problems and is in turn spurring a backlash, reflected not just in the growth of farmers' markets or the growing involvement of big corporations in organics but also in the local-food movement, in which restaurants and large catering services buy from suppliers in their areas, thereby improving freshness, supporting small-scale agriculture and reducing the so-called food miles between field and plate. That in turn slashes transportation costs and reduces the industry's carbon footprint.
A transition to more sustainable, smaller-scale production methods could even be possible without a loss in overall yield, as one survey from the University of Michigan suggested, but it would require far more farmworkers than we have today. With unemployment approaching double digits — and things especially grim in impoverished rural areas that have seen populations collapse over the past several decades — that's hardly a bad thing. Work in a CAFO is monotonous and soul-killing, while too many ordinary farmers struggle to make ends meet even as the rest of us pay less for food. Farmers aren't the enemy — and they deserve real help. We've transformed the essential human profession — growing food — into an industry like any other. "We're hurting for job creation, and industrial food has pushed people off the farm," says Hahn Niman. "We need to make farming real employment, because if you do it right, it's enjoyable work."
One model for how the new paradigm could work is Niman Ranch, a larger operation that Bill Niman founded in the 1990s, before he left in 2007. (By his own admission, he's a better farmer than he is a businessman.) The company has knitted together hundreds of small-scale farmers into a network that sells all-natural pork, beef and lamb to retailers and restaurants. In doing so, it leverages economies of scale while letting the farmers take proper care of their land and animals. "We like to think of ourselves as a force for a local-farming community, not as a large corporation," says Jeff Swain, Niman Ranch's CEO.
Other examples include the Mexican-fast-food chain Chipotle, which now sources its pork from Niman Ranch and gets its other meats and much of its beans from natural and organic sources. It's part of a commitment that Chipotle founder Steve Ells made years ago, not just because sustainable ingredients were better for the planet but because they tasted better too — a philosophy he calls Food with Integrity. It's not cheap for Chipotle — food makes up more than 32% of its costs, the highest in the fast-food industry. But to Ells, the taste more than compensates, and Chipotle's higher prices haven't stopped the company's rapid growth, from 16 stores in 1998 to over 900 today. "We put a lot of energy into finding farmers who are committed to raising better food," says Ells.
Bon Appétit Management Company, a caterer based in Palo Alto, Calif., takes that commitment even further. The company sources as much of its produce as possible from within 150 miles of its kitchens and gets its meat from farmers who eschew antibiotics. Bon Appétit also tries to influence its customers' habits by nudging them toward greener choices. That includes campaigns to reduce food waste, in part by encouraging servers at its kitchens to offer smaller, more manageable portions. (The USDA estimates that Americans throw out 14% of the food we buy, which means that much of our record-breaking harvests ends up in the garbage.) And Bon Appétit supports a low-carbon diet, one that uses less meat and dairy, since both have a greater carbon footprint than fruit, vegetables and grain. The success of the overall operation demonstrates that sustainable food can work at an institutional scale bigger than an élite restaurant, a small market or a gourmet's kitchen — provided customers support it. "Ultimately it's going to be consumer demand that will cause change, not Washington," says Fedele Bauccio, Bon Appétit's co-founder.
How willing are consumers to rethink the way they shop for — and eat — food? For most people, price will remain the biggest obstacle. Organic food continues to cost on average several times more than its conventional counterparts, and no one goes to farmers' markets for bargains. But not all costs can be measured by a price tag. Once you factor in crop subsidies, ecological damage and what we pay in health-care bills after our fatty, sugary diet makes us sick, conventionally produced food looks a lot pricier.
What we really need to do is something Americans have never done well, and that's to quit thinking big. We already eat four times as much meat and dairy as the rest of the world, and there's not a nutritionist on the planet who would argue that 24‑oz. steaks and mounds of buttery mashed potatoes are what any person needs to stay alive. "The idea is that healthy and good-tasting food should be available to everyone," says Hahn Niman. "The food system should be geared toward that."
Whether that happens will ultimately come down to all of us, since we have the chance to choose better food three times a day (or more often, if we're particularly hungry). It's true that most of us would prefer not to think too much about where our food comes from or what it's doing to the planet — after all, as Chipotle's Ells points out, eating is not exactly a "heady intellectual event." But if there's one difference between industrial agriculture and the emerging alternative, it's that very thing: consciousness. Niman takes care with each of his cattle, just as an organic farmer takes care of his produce and smart shoppers take care with what they put in their shopping cart and on the family dinner table. The industrial food system fills us up but leaves us empty — it's based on selective forgetting. But what we eat — how it's raised and how it gets to us — has consequences that can't be ignored any longer.
domingo, 30 de agosto de 2009
Como a Formiga*
Os tomates foram direto para o forno(e por lá ainda estão) para virarem tomate seco e o manjericão virou um pesto espetacular, dessa vez deixei o mixer de lado e fiz o pesto no pilão, ficou sensacional, nova receita para o meu caderno, pesto com o mixer nunca mais. Já que estava no Jean-Talon comprei azeitonas para fazer uma tapenade, receita que queria experimentar há tempos, desde que comprei um potinho esperto de anchovas no Costco.
Fica a ressalva que os tomates ficam de 5 a 6 horas no forno, então eles devem ser feitos em dias de temperatura amena, porque se não já viu, a casa vira uma estufa.
TAPENADE
250g de azeitonas pretas sem caroço
8 fillets de anchova em óleo
1 dente de alho
2 colheres de sopa de mostarda de Dijon
3 colheres sopa de alcaparras passadas por água
100 ml de azeite extra virgem
Sumo de 1 limão
1 colher de sopa de salsinha
Pimenta-do-reino moída na hora
No robot de cozinha reduza a purê as azeitonas juntamente com as anchovas, o alho e as alcaparras.
Continuando a moer, junte o azeite e a mostarda.
Passe para uma taça e tempere com o sumo de limão, pimenta-do-reino e a salsinha
Cubra com película aderente e reserve na geladeira até servir.
TOMATE SECO:
- 1kg de tomates maduros e firmes (tipo pêra)
- 5 colheres (sopa) rasas de açúcar
- 2 colheres (sopa) rasas de sal
- Orégano à vontade (para forno e montagem)
- 1 1/2 xícara (chá) de azeite de oliva
- 8 dentes de alho amassados
PARA A MONTAGEM:
- Azeite extra-virgem (quanto for necessário)
- 150g de alcaparras
- 150g de azeitonas verdes sem caroço em rodelas
- 150g de azeitonas pretas sem caroço em rodelas
- 1 pacote de queijo parmesão fresco
Modo de Preparo
Lave bem os tomates, seque, retire o talinho e parta ao meio. Numa fôrma, coloque um ao lado do outro, de barriguinha para cima. Polvilhe a mistura de açúcar com o sal sobre os tomates e leve ao forno a uma temperatura de 190ºC a 240ºC, por 45 minutos (mais ou menos). Retire a fôrma do forno, vire os tomates e jogue fora o caldinho que juntou na fôrma. Leve de volta para o forno na mesma temperatura por 40 minutos (mais ou menos), olhando sempre. Retire do forno novamente, desvire os tomates e regue com 3 colheres (sopa) de azeite, salpicando orégano e o alho amassado. Leve ao forno por mais 35 minutos. Vá desvirando de 30 em 30 minutos até chegar no ponto de assadinho e sequinho. Dependendo do forno, demora de 5 a 6 horas.
MONTAGEM: Distribua num vidro esterilizado camadas de tomate seco, colocando azeite virgem ou óleo de milho até cobrir. Deixe descansar.
OPÇÃO: Você pode intercalar os tomates com alcaparras, azeitonas verdes ou pretas e queijo parmesão fresco
PESTO do Panelinha
4 dentes de alho
1 colher (chá) de sal
1 xícara (chá) de manjericão fresco
3 colheres (chá) de pinoli ou de nozes (sem casca)
100 g de queijo peccorino ou de parmesão ralado
1/2 xícara (chá) de azeite de oliva
pimenta-do-reino a gosto
1. Com a ajuda de uma faca, descasque os dentes de alho. Passe pelo espremedor e coloque a pasta de alho numa tigela. Acrescente 1 colher (chá) de sal e misture muito bem.
2. No processador de alimentos ou com um pilão, triture os pinoli ou as nozes. Em seguida, junte os pinoli ou as nozes à pasta de alho e sal e misture bem.
3. Sob água corrente, lave muito bem as folhas de manjericão. Seque com papel-toalha. Com uma faca afiada, pique fino o manjericão. A seguir, acrescente as folhas picadas à mistura de alho e pinoli (ou nozes). Misture bem.
4. Por último, junte o queijo e o azeite e misture muito bem até obter uma pasta homogênea. Tempere com um pouco de pimenta-do-reino e sirva a seguir. Se quiser armazenar, transfira para um pote de vidro esterilizado e mantenha em geladeira.
OBS: Potes de vidro podem ser reutilizados para conservas, molhos, ou mesmo geléias, feitos em casa. Mas primeiro eles devem ser muito bem esterilizados. Para isso, leve bastante água para ferver numa panela grande; coloque o vidro e sua tampa na panela e deixe ferver por no mínimo 15 minutos.
Para retirar o vidro e a tampa, utilize uma pinça de cozinha e deixe-os escorrer sobre um pano de prato limpo. Atenção: não coloque o vidro sobre nenhuma superfície muito gelada, como mármore, pois o vidro pode estourar. Só use os potes esterilizados depois que eles esfriarem totalmente.
* Da Fábula a Cigarra e a Formiga
sexta-feira, 28 de agosto de 2009
Le Fil d'Ariane
Ariadne ou Ariane é a filha de Minos, rei de Tebas.
Apaixonou-se por Teseu quando este foi mandado a Creta, voluntariamente, como sacrifício ao minotauro que habitava o labirinto construido por Dédalo e tão bem projetado que quem se aventurasse por ele não conseguiria mais sair.
Este amor foi retribuido, e Ariadne deu uma espada para que Teseu enfrentasse o Minotauro e um novelo de linha pra que ele pudesse achar o caminho de volta. Teseu saiu vitorioso, e partiu de volta à sua terra com Ariadne.
No caminho de volta passaram em Naxos onde Teseu abandonou-a adormecida. Ao acordar, vendo-se sozinha, Ariadne se desespera. Vênus, ao perceber seu desespero, se apieda de Ariadne e promete a ela um amante imortal, em lugar do ingrato mortal que tivera.
Naxos era a ilha preferida de Baco, filho de Júpiter e Sêmele, e lá foi deixado depois de ter sido capturado por marinheiros. Encontrando Ariadne em seu desespero, Baco a consola e a toma como esposa.
Dá a ela uma coroa de ouro como presente de casamento, cravejada de pedras preciosas que ele atira ao céu quando Ariadne morre e, conservando sua forma, se tornam estrelas (Corona Borealis) brilhantes entre Hércules ajoelhado e o homem que segura a serpente.